METAL SOLUTIONS

EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441

Material Data Sheet

EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441

EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 is a high performance marine-grade austenitic stainless steel that is molybdenum alloyed for enhanced corrosion resistance in chloride environments. 316L is a standard material for numerous applications in process, energy, paper, transportation and other industries. EOS StainlessSteel 316L is a stainless steel powder intended for manufacturing parts on EOS metal systems with EOS DMLS processes.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

  • High ductility and toughness
  • High strength
  • High corrosion resistance
  • Available in 10 kg drum and 500 kg Big Bag packaging 

Download Process Data Sheet (PDF)

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

  • Chemical industry
  • Food processing
  • Medical devices

The EOS Quality Triangle

EOS uses an approach that is unique in the AM industry, taking each of the three central technical elements of the production process into account: the system, the material and the process. The data resulting from each combination is assigned a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) which makes the expected performance and production capability of the solution transparent.

EOS incorporates these TRLs into the following two categories:
 
  • Premium products (TRL 7-9): offer highly validated data, proven capability and reproducible part properties. 
  • Core products (TRL 3 and 5): enable early customer access to newest technology still under development and are therefore less mature with less data.

All of the data stated in this material data sheet is produced according to EOS Quality Management System and international standards
EOS 3D Printing Solutions Quality Triangle

POWDER PROPERTIES

The chemical composition of EOS StainlessSteel 316L corresponds to ASTM F138 material standard for Surgical Implants (UNS S31673).

Powder Chemical Composition (wt.-%)

Element Min. Max.
Fe Balance
Cr 17.0 19.0
Ni 13.0 15.0
Mo 2.25 3.0
C 0.0 0.03
N 0.0 0.1

Powder Particle Size

GENERIC PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 20 - 65 μm

SEM micrograph of EOS StainlessSteel 316L powder

HEAT TREATMENT

Description

Heat treatment according to AMS 2759 is optional.

Steps

Stress relief: Hold temperature 900 C, hold time minimum 2 h when throughly heated, water quenching or high speed gas quenching. Cooling rate to be high enough to prevent chromium carbide precipitation.

Solution annealing: Hold temperature 1150 C, hold time minimum 1,5 h when throughly heated, water quenching or high speed gas quenching. Cooling rate to be high enough to prevent chromium carbide precipitation.

Process Data Sheet

EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 for EOS M 290 | 20 µm

EOS M 290 - 20 µm - TRL 9

Process Information Metal

This process product is optimized for robustly building parts with EOS M290 system using EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441. The mechanical properties have been validated to TRL9 level.

System Setup EOS M 290
EOS Material set 316L_Surface
Software Requirements

EOSPRINT 2.7 or newer
EOSYSTEM 2.11 or newer
Recoater Blade HSS (High Speed Steel)
Nozzle Standard
Inert gas Argon
Sieve 63 µm
Additional Information
Layer Thickness 20 µm
Volume Rate 2.0 mm³/s
Wall Thickness 0.3 - 0-4 mm
Typical Dimensional Change after HT [%] +0.02 %

Chemical and Physical Properties of Parts

Chemical composition of built parts is compliant to EOS StainlessSteel 316L powder chemical composition.

Micrograph of polished surface

Microstructure of the Produced Parts

Defects Thickness Result Number of Samples
Average Defect Percentage 20 µm 0.018 % 45
Density EN ISO 3369 Thickness Result Number of Samples
Average Density 20 µm ≥7.97 g/cm³ 45

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 480 560 49 - - 363
Horizontal 540 645 38 - - 246
T99: Tolerance intervals provide lower bounds where 99 % of the population falls with 95 % confidence. Tolerance intervals are based on validation data/QA statistics and are not directly transferable to other systems.

Surface Roughness

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

As Manufactured Temperature
15.72*10-6/K 25 – 100 ºC
16.75*10-6/K 25 – 200 ºC
17.27*10-6/K 25 – 300 ºC
17.7*10-6/K 25 – 400 ºC
Process Data Sheet

EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 for EOS M 290 | 40 µm

EOS M 290 - 40 µm - TRL 7

Process Information Metal

This process product is optimized for building high quality parts with EOS M 290 system reliably using EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441. Mechanical properties have been validated to TRL7 level.

System Setup EOS M 290
EOS Material set 316L_040_FlexM291
Software Requirements

EOSPRINT 2.7 or newer
EOSYSTEM 2.11 or newer
Recoater Blade HSS (High Speed Steel)
Nozzle EOS Grid Nozzle
Inert gas Argon
Sieve 63 µm
Additional Information
Layer Thickness 40 µm
Volume Rate 3.7 mm³/s
Wall Thickness 0.1 mm
Typical Dimensional Change after HT [%] +0.2 %

Chemical and Physical Properties of Parts

Chemical composition of built parts is compliant to EOS StainlessSteel 316L powder chemical composition.

Micrograph of polished surface

Microstructure of the Produced Parts

Defects Thickness Result Number of Samples
Average Defect Percentage 40 µm 0.015 % 20
Density EN ISO 3369 Thickness Result Number of Samples
Average Density 40 µm ≥7.97 g/cm³ 20

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 490 580 49 - - 162
Horizontal 530 630 41 - - 72
T95: Tolerance intervals provide lower bounds where 95 % of the population falls with 95 % confidence. Tolerance intervals are based on validation data/QA statistics and are not directly transferable to other systems.

Surface Roughness

Process Data Sheet

EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 for EOS M 400-4 | 40 µm

EOS M 400-4 - 40 µm - TRL 7

Process Information Metal

This process product is optimized for building high quality parts with EOS M 400-4 system using EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441.

System Setup EOS M 400-4
EOS Material set 316L_040_FlexM404
Software Requirements

EOSPRINT 2.7 or newer
EOSYSTEM 2.11 or newer
Recoater Blade HSS (High Speed Steel)
Nozzle Standard
Inert gas Argon
Sieve 63 µm
Additional Information
Layer Thickness 40 µm
Volume Rate 14.8 mm³/s

Chemical and Physical Properties of Parts

Chemical composition of built parts is compliant to EOS StainlessSteel 316L powder chemical composition.

Micrograph of polished surface

Microstructure of the Produced Parts

Defects Thickness Result Number of Samples
Average Defect Percentage 40 µm 0.015 % 40
Density EN ISO 3369 Thickness Result Number of Samples
Average Density 40 µm ≥7.9 g/cm³ 40

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 490 590 45 - - 120
Horizontal 550 650 40 - - 96
T90: Tolerance intervals provide lower bounds where 90 % of the population falls with 95 % confidence. Tolerance intervals are based on validation data/QA statistics and are not directly transferable to other systems.

Surface Roughness

Process Data Sheet

EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 for EOS M 290 | 40/80µm

EOS M 290 - 40 µm - TRL 3

Process Information Metal

This process product is optimized for flexible and fast production of EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 parts with the EOS M 290 system. The parameter set has three different layer thickness options that can all be utilized within the same build: 40 µm, 80 µm and 40/80 µm Skin. The 40 µm parameter set is ideal for parts needing great detail resolution and more dense structure. The 80 µm parameter set offers a build rate that is more than double that of the long established 40 µm parameter set. With the 40/80 µm Skin parameter set, the total build time can be reduced with the same surface quality. The parameter sets are assigned to different sections in the same build job depending on the requirements.

Main characteristics:

→ Parameter set for fast and cost efficient production of EOS StainlessSteel 316L parts in small series or serial production
→ With 80 µm parameter 100 % increase in productivity compared to the 40 µm FlexLine parameter set
→ Faster production without compromising the part qualit

System Setup EOS M 290
EOS Material set 316L_040_080_Core M291
Software Requirements

EOSPRINT 2.7 or newer
EOSYSTEM 2.11 or newer
Recoater Blade HSS (High Speed Steel)
Nozzle EOS Grid Nozzle
Inert gas Argon
Sieve 63 µm
Additional Information
Layer Thickness 40/80 µm
Volume Rate 3.7 - 8.4 mm³/s

Chemical and Physical Properties of Parts

Chemical composition of built parts is compliant to EOS StainlessSteel 316L powder chemical composition.

Micrograph of polished surface (40 µm)
Micrograph of polished surface (80 µm)

Microstructure of the Produced Parts

Defects Thickness Result Number of Samples
Average Defect Percentage 40 µm 0.1 % -
Average Defect Percentage 80 µm < 0.2 % -

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 450 550 50 - - -
Horizontal 500 600 35 - - -

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 450 550 45 - - -
Horizontal 500 600 35 - - -

Surface Roughness

Process Data Sheet

EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 for EOS M 400-4 | 40/80µm

EOS M 400-4 - 40 µm - TRL 3

Process Information Metal

This process product is optimized for flexible and fast production of EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 parts with the EOS M 400-4 system. The parameter set has three different layer thickness options that can all be utilized within the same build: 40 µm, 80 µm and 40/80 µm Skin. The 40 µm parameter set is ideal for parts needing great detail resolution and more dense structure. The 80 µm parameter set offers a build rate that is more than double that of the long established 40 µm parameter set. With the 40/80 µm Skin parameter set, the total build time can be reduced with the same surface quality. The parameter sets are assigned to different sections in the same build job depending on the requirements.

Main Characteristics:

→ Parameter set for fast and cost efficient production of EOS StainlessSteel 316L parts in small series or serial production
→ With 80 µm parameter 100 % increase in productivity compared to the 40 µm FlexLine parameter set
→ Faster production without compromising the part quality

System Setup EOS M 400-4
EOS Material set 316L_040_080_Core M404
Software Requirements

EOSPRINT 2.7 or newer
EOSYSTEM 2.11 or newer
Recoater Blade HSS (High Speed Steel)
Nozzle Standard
Inert gas Argon
Sieve 63 µm
Additional Information
Layer Thickness 40/80 µm
Volume Rate 4 x 3.7 - 4 x 8.4 mm³/s

Chemical and Physical Properties of Parts

Chemical composition of built parts is compliant to EOS StainlessSteel 316L powder chemical composition.

Micrograph of polished surface (40 µm)
Micrograph of polished surface (80 µm)

Microstructure of the Produced Parts

Defects Thickness Result Number of Samples
Average Defect Percentage 40 µm 0.1 % -
Average Defect Percentage 80 µm < 0.2 % -

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 450 550 50 - - -
Horizontal 500 600 35 - - -

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 450 550 45 - - -
Horizontal 500 600 35 - - -

Surface Roughness

Process Data Sheet

EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 for EOS M 400 | 40/80 µm

EOS M 400 - 40 µm - TRL 3

Process Information Metal

This process product is optimized for flexible and fast production of 316L-4441 parts with EOS M 400-1 system. The parameter set has three different layer thickness options that can all be utilized within the same build: 40µm, 80 µm and 40/80 µm Skin. For high productivity needs a 80 µm parameter set is included with a build rate more than double the long established 40 µm parameter set. Both can be used separately for different parts or combined by using 40/80 µm Skin with faster 80 µm for the core of the part and higher quality 40 µm building for the surface of the part with defined thickness. Sectionioning parts in vertical direction for different parameters is also possible.

Main Characteristics:
→ Parameter set for fast and cost efficient production of EOS StainlessSteel 316L parts in small series or serial production
→ Fast production achieved with only a minor decrease in quality

System Setup EOS M 400
EOS Material set 316L_040_080_Core M401
Software Requirements

EOSPRINT 2.11 or newer
EOSYSTEM 2.15 or newer
Recoater Blade HSS (High Speed Steel)
Nozzle Standard
Inert gas Argon
Sieve 63 µm
Additional Information
Layer Thickness 40/80 µm
Volume Rate 3.7 - 8.4 mm³/s
Typical Dimensional Change after HT [%] +0.02 %

Chemical and Physical Properties of Parts

Chemical composition of built parts is compliant to EOS StainlessSteel 316L powder chemical composition.

Micrograph of polished surface (40 µm)
Micrograph of polished surface (80 µm)

Microstructure of the Produced Parts

Defects Thickness Result Number of Samples
Average Defect Percentage 40 µm 0.1 % -
Average Defect Percentage 80 µm < 0.2 % -

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 500 600 45 - - -
Horizontal 570 670 35 - - -

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 500 620 40 - - -
Horizontal 550 650 35 - - -

Surface Roughness

Process Data Sheet

EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 for EOS M 300-4 | 40/80 µm

EOS M 300-4 - 40 µm - TRL 3

Process Information Metal

This process product is optimized for flexible and fast production of EOS StainlessSteel 316L-4441 parts with the EOS M 300-4 system. The parameter set has three different layer thickness options that can all be utilized within the same build: 40µm, 80 µm and 40/80 µm SkinCore. For high productivity needs a 80 µm parameter set is included with a build rate more than double the 40 µm parameter set. Both can be used separately for different parts or combined by using 40/80 µm SkinCore with faster 80 µm for the core of the part and higher quality 40 µm building for the surface of the part with defined thickness. Sectioning parts in the vertical direction for different parameters is also possible.

Main Characteristics:
→ Parameter set for fast and cost efficient production of EOS StainlessSteel 316L parts in small series or serial production
→ 100% increase in productivity with 80 µm parameter compared to 316L 40 µm FlexLine parameter with only minor decrease in quality
→ High part quality – mechanical properties and surface – with 40 µm parameter

System Setup EOS M 300-4
EOS Material set 316L_040_080_Core M304
Software Requirements

EOSPRINT 2.11 or newer
EOSYSTEM 2.15 or newer
Recoater Blade HSS (High Speed Steel)
Nozzle Standard
Inert gas Argon
Sieve 63 µm
Additional Information
Layer Thickness 40/80 µm
Volume Rate 4 x 3.7 - 4 x 8.4 mm³/s

Microstructure of the Produced Parts

Defects Thickness Result Number of Samples
Average Defect Percentage 40 µm <0.06 % -
Average Defect Percentage 80 µm <0.1 % -

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 510 610 40 - - -
Horizontal 580 670 35 - - -

Mechanical Properties As Manufactured

EN ISO 6892-1 Room Temperature Yield Strength [MPa] Tensile Strength [MPa] Elongation at Break A [%] Reduction of Area Z [%] Number of Samples
Vertical 490 620 40 - - -
Horizontal 550 660 35 - - -
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